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技術文章 / article 您的位置:網站首頁 > 技術文章 > MultispeQ 植物多參數測量儀:開啟植物表型研究與作物育種新范式

MultispeQ 植物多參數測量儀:開啟植物表型研究與作物育種新范式

發布時間: 2025-09-05  點擊次數: 19次

在全球氣候變化加劇、糧食安全壓力凸顯的背景下,快速、精準、低成本的植物生理表型測量工具成為農業科研與育種領域的迫切需求。MultispeQ 植物多參數測量儀作為一款開源、便攜且功能強大的科學儀器,憑借其創新設計與良好的性能,重新定義了植物表型研究的邊界,為科研人員、育種家乃至農業生產者提供了全新的解決方案。

一、多參數同步測量,一站式捕獲植物生理全景

傳統植物生理測量儀器往往功能單一,需多臺設備分別測定光合效率、葉綠素含量、環境參數等指標,不僅操作繁瑣,還易因測量時間差導致數據關聯性下降。MultispeQ 打破這一局限,集成多種傳感器與測量模塊,可同步獲取植物生理與環境兩大維度核心參數,實現 “一次測量,多維分析"。

在植物生理層面,儀器通過脈沖振幅調制(PAM)熒光技術,精準測定光系統 II(PSII)量子產額(ΦII)、非光化學淬滅(NPQ)、線性電子傳遞速率(LEF)等關鍵光合參數,甚至可解析非光化學淬滅的細分組分(如快速松弛的 qE 與慢速松弛的 qI),助力深入探究植物光保護機制。同時,基于紅(650nm)與紅外(940nm)光透射原理,儀器可快速估算相對葉綠素含量(PQ SPAD),其測量結果與行業標準 Minolta SPAD 502 Plus 相關性高達 R2=0.91,且因測量面積更大(約 1cm2),有效降低葉片局部異質性帶來的誤差,數據重復性更優。

在環境參數層面,MultispeQ 內置高精度溫濕度傳感器(HTU21D,濕度精度 ±2%、溫度精度 ±0.3℃)、光合有效輻射(PAR)傳感器與可選配的 CO?傳感器(SenseAir® S8,精度 ±0.02% 體積分數),可實時記錄植物生長的微環境條件。其中,PAR 測量通過 RGBW 傳感器算法優化,在自然光、LED 等不同光質下與 LI-COR LI-190R 量子傳感器的相關性達 R2=0.9967,且具備余弦校正功能,確保不同光照角度下的測量準確性。

二、高靈敏度與快速響應,捕捉動態生理變化

在植物應對逆境脅迫(如干旱、高溫)的研究中,早期生理響應的捕捉對解析脅迫機制至關重要。MultispeQ 憑借出色的靈敏度與響應速度,成為逆境生理研究的理想工具。

在小麥逆境實驗中,MultispeQ 能精準檢測到水分脅迫與高溫脅迫下 PSII 天線系統連接性的細微變化,其記錄的 OJIP 曲線可清晰識別高溫脅迫的 K-step,揭示放氧復合體(OEC)的熱不穩定性,這一變化比葉片形態或生物量變化更早出現,為脅迫早期預警提供依據。同時,儀器支持快速熒光動力學(OJIP 曲線)與慢速熒光動力學(Fv/Fm、Y (II))測量,可在幾秒內完成單次光合效率測定,結合連續監測模式,能動態追蹤植物在晝夜節律或環境波動下的生理狀態變化。

與傳統儀器相比,MultispeQ 在靈敏度上表現突出。例如,在檢測電子傳遞鏈損傷時,其對質體醌庫(PQ 庫)大小變化的響應比 FluorPen FP100 更靈敏;而在快速篩選大量樣本時,雖 PAM 2500 在早期脅迫檢測中略占優勢,但 MultispeQ 的測量速度與便攜性更適合田間大規模表型篩查,兼顧 “早發現" 與 “高通量" 雙重需求。

三、開源設計與低成本,打破科研儀器壁壘

傳統植物表型儀器往往價格高昂(數萬美元)、操作復雜,且數據格式封閉,限制了其在資源有限地區或大規模研究中的應用。MultispeQ 以開源理念為核心,從硬件到軟件全面降低使用門檻。

軟件與數據平臺方面,MultispeQ 配套的 PhotosynQ 平臺是一個開放的科學協作社區,支持數據實時上傳、共享與在線分析。用戶可通過 Android 手機、電腦端應用程序控制儀器,數據自動關聯地理位置(GPS)、測量時間等元數據,生成可視化圖表與統計報告。截至目前,該平臺已積累全球 18 個國家超過 29 萬組實驗數據,形成跨區域、跨物種的植物生理數據庫,為協作研究與數據復用提供支持。

四、便攜耐用與多場景適配,突破實驗室邊界

MultispeQ 的便攜設計使其能輕松應對實驗室、溫室、田間等多種應用場景,尤其適合偏遠地區或復雜環境下的長期實驗。儀器體積小巧(13.5×7×5cm)、重量僅 260g(含電池),支持藍牙與 USB 雙連接,田間測量時無需外接電源,單塊電池可連續工作數小時。其外殼采用耐用塑料材質,搭配軟質泡沫葉片夾,既能保護內部元件,又能確保測量時的遮光性與葉片固定穩定性。

在實際應用中,MultispeQ 的場景適應性已得到充分驗證:在哥倫比亞田間的菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)研究中,儀器可在高溫高濕環境下穩定工作,準確區分耐熱與熱敏基因型的葉片冷卻能力差異;在墨西哥小麥試驗站,通過測量葉片溫度 depression(LTD)與光響應曲線,成功構建基因型特異性的葉片溫度模型,預測精度達 R2=0.88;在大豆猝死綜合征(SDS)研究中,儀器結合 GPS 定位功能,可繪制田間光合參數的空間分布圖,揭示病害早期對光合系統的隱性損傷。

五、助力育種與生產,從基礎研究到應用落地

MultispeQ 不僅是基礎科研的有力工具,更在作物育種與農業生產中展現出巨大價值。在育種領域,儀器可通過測量光合效率對光強的響應(ResponseG:PPFR),快速篩選高光利用效率的基因型。例如,在 178 份攀援豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)育種材料中,ResponseG:PPFR 與生物量、產量的相關性達 r=0.31-0.35,且基于該參數的表型選擇準確率優于傳統基因組選擇,尤其在新環境預測中,表型預測精度比基因組預測提升 53.1%,為早期世代材料篩選提供高效手段。

在農業生產中,MultispeQ 可作為精準農業的 “便攜式診斷工具",幫助生產者監測作物營養狀態(葉綠素含量)、水分脅迫程度(NPQ 變化)與光合效率,指導灌溉、施肥等管理措施。例如,通過監測小麥旗葉的 ΦII 與 LEF,可判斷籽粒灌漿期的光合能力,預測產量潛力;在干旱地區,儀器可快速評估作物的抗旱性,為品種選擇提供依據。

MultispeQ 植物多參數測量儀以 “開源、便攜、精準、多能" 為核心優勢,打破了傳統儀器在成本、場景與數據共享上的壁壘,為植物生理研究、作物育種與精準農業提供了全新解決方案。從實驗室的分子機制研究,到田間的大規模表型篩查,再到全球協作的科學數據網絡,MultispeQ 正推動植物科學向更高效、更開放、更貼近生產需求的方向發展。

無論是科研人員解析植物逆境響應機制,還是育種家篩選高產抗逆品種,亦或是生產者優化田間管理,MultispeQ 都將成為得力助手,為保障糧食安全、應對氣候變化貢獻技術力量。

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